Name of protein: PRESTIN (SLC26A5)

Primary accession number: Q9JKQ2(gerbil);  Q99NH7(mouse); Q9EPH0(rat);
Origin: Gerbil, mouse, rat


Properties, distribution, function:    Prestin is the motor protein of the outer hair cells. It is highly expressed in the outer hair cells, and is not expressed in the nonmotile inner hair cells. It was identified using a cDNA library subtraction procedure [Zheng et al., 2000].Immunolocalization showed prestin to be expressed in the lateral plasma membrane of the OHCs, the region where electromotility occurs. The expression pattern correlates with the appearance of OHC electromotility [Belyantseva et al., 2000]. Prestin (mol. wt. 80 kDa)  is a member of a distinct family of anion transporters, SLC26. Members of this family are structurally well conserved and can mediate the electroneutral exchange of chloride and carbonate across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells [Lohi et al., 2000; Waldegger et al, 2001], two anions found to be essential for outer hair cell motility. Unlike the classical, enzymatically driven motors, the function of this new type of motor is based on direct voltage-to-displacement conversion. It acts several orders of magnitude faster than cellular motor proteins [Dallos and Fakler, 2002]. A targeted gene disruption strategy of pres showed a >100 fold loss of auditory sensitivity [Liberman et al., 2002].

References: *denotespivotal references or reviews

*MEDLINE12591210
GELEOC GS, HOLT JR: Auditory amplification: outer hair cells pres the issue. Trends Neurosci 26:115-7, 2003. Minireview.
*MEDLINE111836512
DALLOS P, FAKLER B: Prestin, a new type of motor protein. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:104-11, 2002. Review.
*MEDLINE12239568
LIBERMAN MC, GAO J, HE DZ, WU X, JIA S, ZUO J: Prestin is required for electromotility of the outer hair cell and for the cochlear amplifier. Nature 419:300-4, 2002.
MEDLINE111502391
ASHMORE JF, MAMMANO F: Can you still see the cochlea for the molecule? Curr Opin Neurobiol 11:449-54, 2001. Review.
MEDLINE11477416
MEECH R, HOLLEY M: Ion-age molecular motors. Nat Neurosci 4:771-3,2001. Review.
MEDLINE11435925
ZHENG J, LONG KB, SHEN W, MADISON LD, DALLOSP: Prestin topology: localization of protein epitopes in relation to theplasma membrane. Neuroreport 12:1929-35, 2001.
MEDLINE11274441
LUDWIG J, OLIVER D, FRANK G, KLOCKER N, GUMMER AW, FAKLER B: Reciprocal electromechanical properties of rat prestin: The motor molecule from rat outer hair cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98:4178-83,2001.
MEDLINE11251048
SANTOS-SACCHI J, SHEN W, ZHENG J, DALLOS P: Effects of membrane potential and tension on prestin, the outer hair cell lateral membrane motor protein. J Physiol 531:661-6, 2001.
MEDLINE11251040
EVANS MG, KROS CJ: Hey presto! Electrophysiological characterisation of prestin, a motor protein from outer hair cells transfected into kindey cells. J Physiol 531:582, 2001.
MEDLINE11247665
WALDEGGER S, MOSCHEN, I, RAMIREZ A, SMITHRJ, AYADI H, LANG F, KUBISCH C: Cloning and characterization of slc26a6, a novel member of the solute carrier 26 gene family. Genomics 72:43-50,2001.
MEDLINE11125015
BELYANTSEVA IA, ADLER HJ, CURI R, FROLENKOV GI, KACHAR B: Expression and localization of prestin and the sugar transporter GLUT-5 during development of electromotility in cochlear outer hair cells.   J  Neurosci   20:RC116:1-5, 2000.
*MEDLINE10821263
ZHENG J, SHEN W, HE DZ, LONG KB, MADISON LD, DALLOS P: Prestin is the motor protein of cochlear outer hair cells. Nature 405:149-55, 2000.
MEDLINE11087667
LOHI H, KUJALA M, KERKELA E, SAARIALHO-KERE U, KESTILA M, KERE J: Mapping of five new putative anion transporter genes in human and  characterization of SLC26A6, a candidate gene for pancreatic anion exchanger. Genomics 70:102-12, 2000. 
 

No 2D map is available

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